Electrode assembly, secondary battery, battery module, battery pack and electrical device

ABSTRACT

An electrode assembly, secondary battery, battery module, battery pack and electrical device are provided. In some embodiments, the electrode assembly comprises a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate and a separator disposed between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate, the positive electrode plate satisfies CAP1=CAP2, in which CAP1 represents capacity of the first positive electrode film layer in Ah, CAP2 represents capacity of the second positive electrode film layer in Ah, and the electrode assembly satisfies |R4/R3-R2/R1|&gt;0, in which R1 represents resistance of the first positive electrode film layer in Ω, R2 represents resistance of the second positive electrode film layer in Ω, R3 represents resistance of the first negative electrode film layer in mΩ and R4 represents resistance of the second negative film layer in mΩ. The present applicant may extend the cycle life of the secondary battery.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of International Application PCT/CN2021/123647, filed Oct. 13, 2021 and entitled “Electrode assemblies, secondary batteries, battery modules, battery packs, and electrical devices”, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure belongs to the technical field of battery, in particular to an electrode assembly, secondary battery, battery module, battery pack, and electrical device.

BACKGROUND

In recent years, with the present disclosure and promotion of secondary batteries in industries such as various electronic products and new energy vehicles, their energy density has received more and more attention. During the charging and discharging process of secondary batteries, active ions (such as lithium ions) are intercalated and deintercalated between a positive electrode and a negative electrode. Due to structural changes of active materials, decomposition of electrolytes, formation and destruction of SEI films on the surface of active materials and the like, active ions are inevitably consumed, and thus the capacity of secondary batteries is constantly attenuated and it is difficult for secondary batteries to have a longer cycle life.

SUMMARY

An object of the present disclosure is to provide an electrode assembly, secondary battery, battery module, battery pack and electrical device, aiming to greatly extend cycle life of the secondary battery.

A first aspect of the present disclosure provides an electrode assembly, comprising a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate and a separator disposed between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate, the positive electrode plate comprising a positive electrode current collector and a first positive electrode film layer and a second positive electrode film layer located on two opposite surfaces of the positive electrode current collector, the negative electrode plate comprising a negative electrode current collector and a first negative electrode film layer and a second negative electrode film layer located on two opposite surfaces of the negative electrode current collector; in which the first positive electrode film layer is located on a side of the positive electrode current collector close to the separator and the second negative electrode film layer is located on a side of the negative electrode current collector near the separator, wherein the positive electrode plate satisfies CAP1=CAP2, in which CAP1 represents capacity of the first positive electrode film layer in Ah, CAP2 represents capacity of the second positive electrode film layer in Ah, and the electrode assembly satisfies |R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|>0, in which R₁ represents resistance of the first positive electrode film layer in Ω, R₂ represents resistance of the second positive electrode film layer in Ω, R₃ represents resistance of the first negative electrode film layer in mΩ and R₄ represents resistance of the second negative film layer in mΩ.

In the electrode assembly of the present disclosure, by rationally setting the relationship between the resistances on both sides of the positive electrode plate and the resistances on both sides of the negative electrode plate so as to make it meet |R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|>0, the voltage response speed of one of the electrode film layer of the positive electrode plate in charging process can be improved and the film layer can be the first to reach the cut-off voltage of the secondary battery. In addition, by rationally setting the relationship between the resistances on both sides of the positive electrode plate and the resistances on both sides of the negative electrode plate, the film layer on the other side of the positive electrode plate will have a sufficient amount of pre-stored active ions. As the cycle process of the secondary battery proceeds, the pre-stored active ions can be gradually released to supplement consumption of active ions, thereby delaying capacity decay of the secondary battery and greatly prolonging cycle life of the secondary battery.

In any embodiment of the present disclosure, the electrode assembly satisfies 0<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤20. Optionally, 0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤10.

In any embodiment of the present disclosure, 0 Ω<R₁≤20 Ω. Optionally, 0 Ω<R₁≤5 Ω.

In any embodiment of the present disclosure, 0 Ω<R₂≤20 Ω. Optionally, 0 Ω<R₂≤5 Ω.

In any embodiment of the present disclosure, 0 mΩ<R₃≤200 mΩ. Optionally, 0mΩ<R₃≤50 mΩ.

In any embodiment of the present disclosure, 0 mΩ<R₄≤200 mΩ. Optionally, 0 mΩ<R₄≤50 mΩ.

When resistances of the first positive electrode film layer, the second positive electrode film layer, the first negative electrode film layer and the second negative electrode film layer are within a suitable scope respectively, consistency of the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate is better, so that it is beneficial for the secondary battery to obtain a longer cycle life.

In any embodiment of the disclosure, the negative electrode plate satisfies R₄/R₃≥1, and the electrode assembly satisfies 0<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤20. Optionally, 0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤10.

In any embodiment of the disclosure, the negative electrode plate satisfies 1≤R₄/R₃≤30, and the electrode assembly satisfies 0<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤20. Optionally, 0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤10.

In any embodiment of the disclosure, the negative electrode plate satisfies R₄/R₃≥1, the positive electrode plate satisfies 0<R₂/R₁≤20, and the electrode assembly satisfies 0<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤20 . Optionally, 0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤10.

In any embodiment of present disclosure, the negative electrode plate satisfies 1≤R₄/R₃≤30, the positive electrode plate satisfies 0<R₂/R₁≤20, and the electrode assembly satisfies 0<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤20. Optionally, 0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤10.

In any embodiment of present disclosure, the negative electrode plate satisfies 0<R₄/R₃<1, the positive electrode plate satisfies 0<R₂/R₁<1, and the electrode assembly satisfies 0<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|<1. Optionally, 0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤0.9.

In any embodiment of present disclosure, the negative electrode plate satisfies 0.05≤R₄/R₃≤0.9, the positive electrode plate satisfies 0.05≤R₂/R₁≤0.9, and the electrode assembly satisfies 0<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁| <1.

In any embodiment of present disclosure, the negative electrode plate satisfies 0<R₄/R₃<1, the positive electrode plate satisfies R₂/R₁≥1, and the electrode assembly satisfies 0<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤20. Optionally, 0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤10.

In any embodiment of present disclosure, the negative electrode plate satisfies 0<R₄/R₃<1, the positive electrode plate satisfies 1≤R₂/R₁≤20, and the electrode assembly satisfies 0<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁| <20. Optionally, 0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤10.

In any embodiment of present disclosure, the negative electrode plate satisfies 0.05≤R₄/R₃≤0.9, the positive electrode plate satisfies 1≤R₂/R₁≤20, and the electrode assembly satisfies 0<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|<20. Optionally, 0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤10.

A second aspect of the present disclosure provides a secondary battery comprising an outer package, an electrolyte, and the electrode assembly according to the first aspect of the present disclosure.

In any embodiment of the present disclosure, the outer package includes a casing and a cover plate, the casing has an accommodating cavity and an opening, the electrode assembly is accommodated in the accommodating cavity, and the cover plate is used to close the opening of the casing.

A third aspect of the present disclosure provides a battery module comprising the secondary battery of the second aspect of the present disclosure.

A fourth aspect of the present disclosure provides a battery pack, comprising one of the secondary battery of the second aspect of the present disclosure and the battery module of the third aspect.

A fifth aspect of the present disclosure provides an electrical device comprising at least one of the secondary battery of the second aspect of the present disclosure, the battery module of the third aspect, and the battery pack of the fourth aspect.

The battery module, battery pack and electrical device in the present disclosure can have the same or similar effect due to the use of the secondary battery described in the present disclosure.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to explain the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure more clearly, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present disclosure. A person of ordinary skill in the art can obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative work.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode assembly according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode assembly according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode assembly according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode assembly according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode assembly according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode assembly according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode assembly according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode assembly according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode assembly according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode assembly according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode assembly according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode assembly according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 18 is an exploded view of the battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure as shown in FIG. 17 .

FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of an electrical device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure using the secondary battery of the present disclosure as power.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Hereinafter, embodiments in accordance with the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings as appropriate. However, unnecessary detailed descriptions may be omitted in some cases, for example the detailed description of a well-known item or the repetitive description of an actual identical structure so as to prevent the following description from becoming unnecessarily redundant and to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art. In addition, the drawings and the following description are provided for those skilled in the art to fully understand the present disclosure, and are not intended to limit the subject matter described in the claims.

The “ranges” disclosed in present disclosure are defined in the form of lower and upper limits, and a given range is defined by selection of a lower limit and an upper limit that define boundary of the particular range. Ranges defined in this manner may or may not be inclusive of the endpoints, and may be arbitrarily combined. That is, any lower limit may be combined with any upper limit to form a range. For example, if the ranges of 60-120 and 80-110 are listed for a particular parameter, it is to be understood that the ranges of 60-110 and 80-120 are also contemplated. Additionally, if the minimum range values 1 and 2 are listed, and the maximum range values 3, 4, and 5 are listed, the following ranges are all expected: 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 2-3, 2-4 and 2-5. In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the numerical range “a-b” represents an abbreviated representation of any combination of real numbers between a and b, where both a and b are real numbers. For example, the numerical range “0-5” means that all real numbers between “0-5” have been listed herein, and the range “0-5” is just an abbreviated representation of the combination of these numerical values. In addition, when a parameter is expressed as an integer greater than or equal to 2, it is equivalent to disclose that the parameter is, for example, an integer of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and the like.

Unless stated otherwise, all the embodiments and the optional embodiments of the present disclosure can be combined with each other to form a new technical solution, and such a technical solution should be considered to be included in the disclosure of the present disclosure.

Unless stated otherwise, all technical features and optional technical features of the present disclosure can be combined with each other to form a new technical solution, and such a technical solutions should be considered to be included in the disclosure of the present disclosure.

Unless stated otherwise, all steps of the present disclosure can be carried out sequentially, and also can be carried out randomly, preferably they are carried out sequentially. For example, the method includes steps (a) and (b), indicating that the method may include steps (a) and (b) performed in sequence, or that the method may include steps (b) and (a) performed in sequence. For example, reference to the method further comprising step (c) indicates that step (c) may be added to the method in any order. As an example, the method may comprises steps (a), (b) and (c), steps (a), (c) and (b), or steps (c), (a) and (b), and the like.

Unless stated otherwise, the transition phases “comprising” and “comprising” mentioned in the present disclosure means that it is drafted in an open mode or in a close mode. For example, the transition phases “comprising” and “comprising” may mean that other components not listed may also be included or contained, or only the listed components may be included or contained.

In the present disclosure herein, unless otherwise stated, the term “or” is inclusive. For example, the phrase “A or B” means A, B, or both A and B”. More specifically, either of the following conditions meets “A or B” : A is true (or present) and B is false (or absent); A is false (or absent) and B is true (or present); or both A and B are true (or present).

Electrode Assembly and Secondary Battery

A secondary battery, called a rechargeable battery or an accumulator, refers to a battery that can continue to be used by activating its active material by means of charging after it is discharged. The shape of the secondary battery is not particularly limited in the present disclosure, and it may be cylindrical, square or any other shape. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a secondary battery 5 of a square structure as an example.

The secondary battery 5 includes an outer package, an electrode assembly, and an electrolyte, and the outer package is used to encapsulate the electrode assembly and the electrolyte. In some embodiments, the outer package of the secondary battery may be a hard case, such as a hard plastic case, an aluminum case, a steel case, and the like. The outer package of the secondary battery may also be a soft package, such as a pouch-type soft package. Material of the soft bag can be plastic, such as one or more of polypropylene (PP), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), and polybutylene succinate (PBS). In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2 , the outer package may include a casing 51 and a cover plate 53, wherein the casing 51 may include a bottom plate and side plates connected to the bottom plate, and the bottom plate and the side plates are enclosed to form an accommodating cavity. The casing 51 has an opening communicating with the accommodating cavity, and the cover plate 53 is used to cover the opening to close the accommodating cavity. The electrode assembly 52 is packaged in the accommodating cavity, and the electrolyte is infiltrated in the electrode assembly 52 . The number of electrode assemblies 52 contained in the secondary battery 5 may be one or several, and may be adjusted according to requirements.

Through extensive research, The inventors have proposed an electrode assembly with greatly extended cycle life. FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an electrode assembly according to the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 3 , the electrode assembly 52 comprises a positive electrode plate 10, a negative electrode plate 20 and a separator 30, wherein the separator 30 is disposed between the positive electrode plate 10 and the negative electrode plate 20, the positive electrode plate 10, the negative electrode plate 20 and the separator 30 may form the electrode assembly 52 through a winding process or a lamination process.

The positive electrode plate 10 comprises a first positive electrode film layer 101, a second positive electrode film layer 102 and a positive electrode current collector 103, and the first positive electrode film layer 101 and the second positive electrode film layer 102 are located on two opposite surfaces of the positive electrode current collector 103 and the first positive electrode film layer 101 is located on the side of the positive electrode current collector 103 close to the separator 30. The first positive electrode film layer 101 comprises a first positive electrode active material, a first positive electrode conductive agent and a first positive electrode binder, and the second positive electrode film layer 102 comprises a second positive electrode active material, a second positive electrode conductive agent and a second positive electrode binder.

The negative electrode plate 20 comprises a first negative electrode film layer 201, a second negative electrode film layer 202 and a negative electrode current collector 203, and the first negative electrode film layer 201 and the second negative electrode film layer 202 are located on two opposite surfaces of the negative electrode current collector 203 and the second negative electrode film layer 202 is located on the side of the negative electrode current collector 203 close to the separator 30. The first negative electrode film layer 201 comprises a first negative electrode active material, a first negative electrode conductive agent and a first negative electrode binder, and the second negative electrode film layer 202 comprises a second negative electrode active material, a second negative electrode conductive agent and a second negative electrode binder.

In some embodiments, the positive electrode plate 10 satisfies CAP1=CAP2, in which CAP1 represents capacity of the first positive electrode film layer 101 in Ah, and CAP2 represents capacity of the second positive electrode film layer 102 in Ah. The electrode assembly 52 satisfies |R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|>0, in which R₁ represents resistance of the first positive electrode film layer 101 in Ω, R₂ represents resistance of the second positive electrode film layer 102 in Ω, R₃ represents resistance of the first negative electrode film layer 201 in mΩ, and R₄ represents resistance of the second negative electrode film layer 202 in mΩ.

In the charging process of secondary batteries, active ions are de-intercalated from a positive electrode, and their de-intercalation rate and number are related to the charging current and period of secondary batteries. The larger the charging current and the longer the charging period, the more active ions are de-intercalated, the higher the de-intercalation capacity ratio (that is, the ratio of de-intercalation capacity to storage capacity) is, and the higher the positive electrode voltage is. During the charging process of the secondary battery of the present disclosure, current is evenly distributed in the positive electrode plate, and the film layers on the both sides of the positive electrode are simultaneously de-intercalated with active ions and the de-intercalated active ions are the same in number. Conventional positive electrode plate with a double-sided coating design is often unable to realize active ion pre-storage, or does not have sufficient pre-stored active ions due to insufficient voltage response in practical disclosure process, which cannot promote the cycle life of secondary batteries obviously, nor does it enable secondary batteries to have a longer cycle life.

In the electrode assembly of the present disclosure, by rationally setting the relationship between the resistances on both sides of the positive electrode plate and the resistances on both sides of the negative electrode plate so as to make it meet |R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|>0, the voltage response speed of one of the electrode film layer of the positive electrode plate in charging process can be improved and the film layer can be the first to reach the cut-off voltage of the secondary battery. In addition, by rationally setting the relationship between the resistances on both sides of the positive electrode plate and the resistances on both sides of the negative electrode plate, the film layer on the other side of the positive electrode plate will have a sufficient amount of pre-stored active ions. As the cycle process of the secondary battery proceeds, the pre-stored active ions can be gradually released to supplement consumption of active ions, thereby delaying capacity decay of the secondary battery and greatly prolonging cycle life of the secondary battery.

When R₄/R₃=R₂/R₁, the positive electrode cannot achieve active ions to be pre-stored, thus the cycle life of the secondary battery is not significantly improved and the secondary battery cannot have a longer cycle life.

In the present disclosure, capacity of the positive electrode film layer has the meaning known in the art, and can be measured with instruments and methods known in the art. For example, a blue electric tester is used for testing. As an example, capacity of the positive electrode film layer can be tested by a method comprising the steps of wiping off a positive electrode film layer on one side of a cold-pressed positive electrode plate to obtain a single-sided coated positive electrode plate, punching and cutting it into small wafers with an area of S0, assembling it into a button battery in a glove box, and then subjecting to a charging-discharging process in which it is charged with a constant current of 0.1 mA to a charge cut-off voltage, and it is discharged with a constant current of 0.1 mA to a discharge cut-off voltage to obtain the discharge capacity CAPO, and then capacity of the positive electrode film layer is obtained by the formula CAP0×S/S₀, where S₀ is area of the small wafers, and S is area of the positive electrode film layer.

In one embodiment, the capacity CAP1 of the first positive electrode film layer can be tested by a method comprising the step of wiping off the second positive electrode film layer of the cold-pressed positive electrode plate and punching it into small wafers with an area of S0, and then assembling the small wafers into a button battery in a glove box, and then subjecting to a charging-discharging process with a blue electricity tester in which it is charged with a constant current of 0.1 mA to a charge cut-off voltage, and it is discharged with a constant current of 0.1mA to a discharge cut-off voltage to obtain the discharge capacity CAP0, and then capacity CAP1 of the first positive electrode film layer is obtained by the formula CAP0×S₁/S₀, where S₀ is area of the small wafers, and S₁ is area of the first positive electrode film layer. The capacity CAP2 of the second positive electrode film layer can be tested by a method comprising the step of wiping off the first positive electrode film layer of the cold-pressed positive electrode plate and punching it into small wafers with an area of S0, and then assembling the small wafers into a button battery in a glove box, and then subjecting to a charging-discharging process with a blue electricity tester in which it is charged with a constant current of 0.1 mA to a charge cut-off voltage, and it is discharged with a constant current of 0.1 mA to a discharge cut-off voltage to obtain the discharge capacity CAP0, and then capacity CAP2 of the second positive electrode film layer is obtained by the formula CAP0×S₁/S₀, where S₀ is area of the small wafers, and S₂ is area of the second positive electrode film layer.

The button battery can be assembled in the order of negative electrode shell, lithium plate, a drop of electrolyte, separator, a drop of electrolyte, a small wafer of area S0, a gasket, and a shrapnel. The button battery can be 14 mm in diameter. During the test, the film layer on one side of the electrode plate can be wiped off with water or other solvent. For the test, a tablet processor IEST from Yuanneng Technology Co., Ltd. can be used.

In present disclosure, resistance of film layer has the meaning known in the art, and can be measured with instruments and methods known in the art. For example, an electrode plate resistance meter (such as IEST BER1000 electrode plate resistance meter from Yuanneng Technology Co., Ltd) can be used. As an example, resistance of each film layer can be tested by a method comprising the steps of wiping off a film layer on one side of a cold-pressed electrode plate to obtain a single-coated electrode plate, and placing the single-coated electrode plate in parallel between two conductive terminals of the electrode plate resistance meter with a certain pressure for fixture, to obtain resistance of the film layer.

In one embodiment, the resistance R₁ of the first positive electrode film layer can be tested by a method comprising the steps of wiping off a second positive electrode film layer of a cold-pressed electrode plate to obtain a single-coated electrode plate, and placing the single-coated electrode plate in parallel between two conductive terminals of the electrode plate resistance meter with a certain pressure for fixture, to obtain the resistance R₁ of the first positive electrode film layer. The resistance R₂ of the second positive electrode film layer can be tested by a method comprising the steps of wiping off a first positive electrode film layer of a cold-pressed electrode plate to obtain a single-coated electrode plate, and placing the single-coated electrode plate in parallel between two conductive terminals of the electrode plate resistance meter with a certain pressure for fixture, to obtain the resistance R₂ of the second positive electrode film layer. The resistance R₃ of the first negative electrode film layer can be tested by a method comprising the steps of wiping off a second negative electrode film layer of a cold-pressed electrode plate to obtain a single-coated electrode plate, and placing the single-coated electrode plate in parallel between two conductive terminals of the electrode plate resistance meter with a certain pressure for fixture, to obtain the resistance R₃ of the first negative electrode film layer. The resistance R₄ of the second negative electrode film layer can be tested by a method comprising the steps of wiping off a first negative electrode film layer of a cold-pressed electrode plate to obtain a single-coated electrode plate, and placing the single-coated electrode plate in parallel between two conductive terminals of the electrode plate resistance meter with a certain pressure for fixture, to obtain the resistance R₄ of the second negative electrode film layer.

Optionally, the conductive terminal can have a diameter of 14 mm, the applied pressure can be from 15Mpa to 27Mpa, and the time range of sampling can be from 10s to 20s. When testing, the electrode plate can be cut with a certain area (for example, 10 cm×10 cm) and then carrying out testing. During the test, the film layer on one side of the electrode plate can be wiped off with water or other solvent.

It should be noted that the electrode plate (for example, the positive electrode plate or negative electrode plate) can directly obtained the freshly cold-pressed electrode plate for testing, or can be obtain from a secondary battery. As an example, a method of obtaining an electrode plate from a secondary battery comprises the steps of disassembling a fully-discharged secondary battery to obtain its electrode plate, and soaking the electrode plate in an organic solvent (e.g., dimethyl carbonate) for a period of time (e.g., 30 min), then taking the electrode plate out and drying it at a certain temperature for a period, for example, at 80° C. for 6 h.

In some embodiments, the electrode assembly 52 satisfies 0<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤20. When |R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|>20, the positive electrode plate will quickly reach the charge cut-off voltage during charging the secondary battery, so that there are a large amount of active ions in the first positive electrode film layer and the second positive film layer that are not released, thereby reducing energy density of the secondary battery.

For example, |R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁| is 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 or the ranges formed by the any values. Optionally, the electrode assembly 52 satisfies 0<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤15,0<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤10,0<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤8,0<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤5,0<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤2,0.1≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤20,0.1≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤15,0.1≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤10,0.1≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤8,0.1≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤5,0.1≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤2,0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤20,0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤15,0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤10,0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤8,0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤5, or 0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤2.

In some embodiments, resistance R₁ of the first positive electrode film layer 101 satisfies 0 Ω< R₁≤20 Ω. Optionally, 0 Ω< R₁≤5 Ω.

In some embodiments, resistance R₂ of the second positive electrode film layer 102 satisfies 0 Ω< R₂≤20 Ω. Optionally, 0 Ω< R₂≤5 Ω.

In some embodiments, resistance R₃ of the first negative electrode film layer 201 satisfies 0 mΩ< R₃≤200 mΩ. Optionally, 0 mΩ< R₃≤50 mΩ.

In some embodiments, resistance R₄ of the second negative electrode film layer 202 satisfies 0mΩ< R₄≤200 mΩ. Optionally, 0 mΩ< R₄≤50 mΩ.

When resistances of the first positive electrode film layer, the second positive electrode film layer, the first negative electrode film layer and the second negative electrode film layer are within suitable ranges respectively, consistency of the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate is better, and thus it is beneficial for the secondary battery to obtain longer cycle life.

In some embodiments, the negative electrode plate 20 satisfies R₄/R₃≥1, and the electrode assembly 52 satisfies 0<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤20, so that the secondary battery has a longer cycle life and a high energy density.

For example, R₄/R₃ is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 or the ranges formed by any above values. Optionally, the negative electrode plate 20 satisfies 1≤R₄/R₃≤30, 1≤R₄/R₃≤25, 1≤R₄/R₃≤20, 1≤R₄/R₃≤15, 1≤R₄/R₃≤10, 1≤R₄/R₃≤8, 1≤R₄/R₃≤5, 1≤R₄/R₃≤4, 1≤R₄/R₃≤3, 1≤R₄/R₃≤2, 1<R₄/R₃≤30, 1<R₄/R₃≤25, 1< R₄/R₃≤20, 1<R₄/R₃≤15, 1<R₄/R₃≤10, 1<R₄/R₃≤8, 1<R₄/R₃≤5, 1<R₄/R₃≤4, 1<R₄/R₃≤3, or 1< R₄/R₃≤2.

For example, |R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁| is 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 or the ranges formed by any above values. Optionally, the electrode assembly 52 satisfies 0<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤15,0<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤10,0<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤8,0<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤5,0<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤2,0.1≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤20,0.1≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤15,0.1≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤10,0.1≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤8,0.1≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤5,0.1≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤2,0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤20,0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤15,0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤10,0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤8,0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤5, or 0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤2.

As used herein, the resistance ratio R₂/R₁ of the first positive electrode film layer 101 and the second positive electrode film layer 102 is not particularly limited, and R₂/R₁ may be greater than 1, equal to 1, or less than 1. For example, R₂/R₁ is 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 or the ranges formed by any above values. Optionally, the positive electrode plate 10 satisfies 0<R₂/R₁≤20, 0<R₂/R₁≤15, 0<R₂/R₁≤10, 0<R₂/R₁≤8, 0<R₂/R₁≤5, 0<R₂/R₁≤4, 0<R₂/R₁≤3, 0<R₂/R₁≤2, or 0<R₂/R₁≤1.

For example, the negative electrode plate 20 satisfies R₄/R₃≥1, the positive electrode plate 10 satisfies 0<R₂/R₁≤20, and the electrode assembly 52 satisfies 2<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤20.

For example, the negative electrode plate 20 satisfies R₄/R₃≥1, the positive electrode plate 10 satisfies 0<R₂/R₁≤20, and the electrode assembly 52 satisfies 0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤10.

For example, the negative electrode plate 20 satisfies R₄/R₃≥1, the positive electrode plate 10 satisfies 0<R₂/R₁≤20, and the electrode assembly 52 satisfies 0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤5.

For example, the negative electrode plate 20 satisfies 1≤R₄/R₃≤30, the positive electrode plate 10 satisfies 0<R₂/R₁≤20, and the electrode assembly 52 satisfies 2<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤20.

For example, the negative electrode plate 20 satisfies 1≤R₄/R₃≤30, the positive electrode plate 10 satisfies 0<R₂/R₁≤20, and the electrode assembly 52 satisfies 0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤10.

For example, the negative electrode plate 20 satisfies 1≤R₄/R₃≤30, the positive electrode plate 10 satisfies 0<R₂/R₁≤20, and the electrode assembly 52 satisfies 0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤5.

In some embodiments, the negative electrode plate 20 satisfies 0<R₄/R₃<1, the positive electrode plate 10 satisfies 0<R₂/R₁<1, and the electrode assembly 52 satisfies 0<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|< 1. As a result, the secondary battery has a longer cycle life and a high energy density.

For example, R₄/R₃ is 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1 or the ranges formed by any above values. Optionally, the negative electrode plate 20 satisfies 0< R₄/R₃<1, 0< R₄/R₃≤0.9, 0<R₄/R₃≤0.8, 0<R₄/R₃≤0.7, 0<R₄/R₃≤0.6, 0.05≤R₄/R₃<1, 0.05≤R₄/R₃≤0.9, 0.05≤R₄/R₃≤0.8, 0.05≤R₄/R₃≤0.7, 0.05≤R₄/R₃≤0.6, 0.1≤R₄/R₃<1, 0.1≤R₄/R₃≤0.9, 0.1≤R₄/R₃≤0.8, 0.1≤R₄/R₃≤0.7, 0.1≤R₄/R₃≤0.6, 0.2≤R₄/R₃<1, 0.2≤R₄/R₃≤0.9, 0.2≤R₄/R₃≤0.8, 0.2≤R₄/R₃ ≤0.7, or 0.2≤R₄/R₃≤0.6.

For example, R₂/R₁ is 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1 or the ranges formed by any above values. Optionally, the positive electrode plate 10 satisfies 0<R₂/R₁<1, 0<R₂/R₁≤0.9, 0<R₂/R₁≤0.8, 0<R₂/R₁≤0.7, 0<R₂/R₁≤0.6, 0.05≤R₂/R₁<1, 0.05<R₂/R₁≤0.9, 0.05≤R₂/R₁≤0.8, 0.05≤R₂/R₁≤0.7, 0.05≤R₂/R₁≤0.6, 0.1≤R₂/R₁<1, 0.1≤R₂/R₁≤0.9, 0.1≤R₂/R₁≤0.8, 0.1≤R₂/R₁≤0.7, 0.1≤R₂/R₁≤0.6, 0.2≤R₂/R₁<1, 0.2≤R₂/R₁≤0.9, 0.2≤R₂/R₁≤0.8, 0.2≤R₂/R₁ ≤0.7, or 0.2≤R₂/R₁≤0.6.

For example, |R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|is 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 or the ranges formed by any above values. Optionally, the electrode assembly 52 satisfies 0<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|<1, 0<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤0.9, 0<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤0.8, 0<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤0.7, 0<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤0.6, 0.05≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|<1, 0.05≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤0.9, 0.05≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤0.8, 0.05≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤0.7, 0.05≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤0.6, 0.1≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|<1, 0.1≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤0.9, 0.1≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤0.8, 0.1≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤0.7, 0.1≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤0.6, 0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|<1, 0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤0.9, 0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤0.8, 0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤0.7, or 0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤0.6.

For example, the negative electrode plate 20 satisfies 0< R₄/R₃<1, the positive electrode plate 10 satisfies 0< R₂/R₁<1, and the electrode assembly 52 satisfies 0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤0.9.

For example, the negative electrode plate 20 satisfies 0.05≤R₄/R₃≤0.9, the positive electrode plate 10 satisfies 0.05≤R₄/R₃≤0.9, and the electrode assembly 52 satisfies 0<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|<1.

For example, the negative electrode plate 20 satisfies 0.05≤R₄/R₃≤0.9, the positive electrode plate 10 satisfies 0.05≤R₄/R₃≤0.9, and the electrode assembly 52 satisfies 0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|<1.

In some embodiments, the negative electrode plate 20 satisfies 0< R₄/R₃<1, the positive electrode plate 10 satisfies R R₂/R₁≥1, and the electrode assembly 52 satisfies 0<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤ 20. At this time, the secondary battery has a longer cycle life and a high energy density.

For example, R₄/R₃ is 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1 or the ranges formed by any above values. Optionally, the negative electrode plate 20 satisfies 0<R₄/R₃<1, 0<R₄/R₃≤0.9, 0< R₄/R₃≤0.8, 0<R₄/R₃≤0.7, 0<R₄/R₃≤0.6, 0.05≤R₄/R₃<1, 0.05≤R₄/R₃≤0.9, 0.05≤R₄/R₃≤0.8, 0.05≤R₄/R₃≤0.7, 0.05≤R₄/R₃≤0.6, 0.1≤R₄/R₃<1, 0.1≤R₄/R₃≤0.9, 0.1≤R₄/R₃≤0.8, 0.1≤R₄/R₃≤0.7, 0.1≤R₄/R₃≤0.6, 0.2≤R₄/R₃<1, 0.2≤R₄/R₃≤0.9, 0.2≤R₄/R₃≤0.8, 0.2≤R₄/R₃≤0.7, or 0.2≤R₄/R₃≤0.6.

For example, R₂/R₁ is 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20 or the ranges formed by any above values. Optionally, the positive electrode plate 10 satisfies 1≤R₂/R₁≤20, 1≤R₂/R₁≤15, 1≤R₂/R₁≤10, 1≤R₂/R₁≤8, 1≤R₂/R₁≤5, 1≤R₂/R₁≤4, 1≤R₂/R₁≤3, or 1≤R₂/R₁≤2.

For example, |R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁| is 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 or the ranges formed by any above values. Optionally, the electrode assembly 52 satisfies 0<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤15, 0<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤10, 0<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤8, 0<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤5, 0<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤2, 0.1≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤20, 0.1≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤15, 0.1≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤10, 0.1≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤8, 0.1≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤5, 0.1≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤2, 0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤20, 0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤15, 0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤10, 0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤8, 0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤5, or 0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤2.

For example, the negative electrode plate 20 satisfies 0< R₄/R₃<1, the positive electrode plate 10 satisfies R₂/R₁≥1, and the electrode assembly 52 satisfies 0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤10.

For example, the negative electrode plate 20 satisfies 0< R₄/R₃<1, the positive electrode plate 10 satisfies R₂/R₁≥1, and the electrode assembly 52 satisfies 0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤5.

For example, the negative electrode plate 20 satisfies 0< R₄/R₃<1, the positive electrode plate 10 satisfies 1≤R₂/R₁≤20, and the electrode assembly 52 satisfies 0<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|<20.

For example, the negative electrode plate 20 satisfies 0< R₄/R₃<1, the positive electrode plate 10 satisfies 1≤R₂/R₁≤20, and the electrode assembly 52 satisfies 0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤10.

For example, the negative electrode plate 20 satisfies 0< R₄/R₃<1, the positive electrode plate 10 satisfies 1≤R₂/R₁≤20, and the electrode assembly 52 satisfies 0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤5.

For example, the negative electrode plate 20 satisfies 0.05≤R₄/R₃≤0.9, the positive electrode plate 10 satisfies 1≤R₂/R₁≤20, and the electrode assembly 52 satisfies 0<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|<20.

For example, the negative electrode plate 20 satisfies 0.05≤R₄/R₃≤0.9, the positive electrode plate 10 satisfies 1≤R₂/R₁≤20, and the electrode assembly 52 satisfies 0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤10.

For example, the negative electrode plate 20 satisfies 0.05≤R₄/R₃≤0.9, the positive electrode plate 10 satisfies 1≤R₂/R₁≤20, and the electrode assembly 52 satisfies 0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤5.

It should be noted that there are various theoretically feasible ways to adjust resistance R₁ of the first positive electrode film layer 101, resistance R₂ of the second positive electrode film layer 102, resistance R₃ of the first negative electrode film layer 201, and resistance R₄ of the second negative electrode film layer 202. In the present disclosure, some of the adjustment ways are listed. It should be understood that the ways listed in the specification are only for explaining the present disclosure, not for limiting the present disclosure.

As an example, when the positive electrode plate 10 satisfies one or more of the following (1) to (7), resistance R₂ of the second positive electrode film layer 102 is smaller than resistance R₁ of the first positive electrode film layer 101.

(1) The second positive electrode active material has a conductive carbon layer on the surface thereof. When the second positive electrode active material has a conductive carbon layer on the surface thereof, and the first positive electrode active material does not have a conductive carbon layer on the surface thereof, resistance R₂ of the second positive electrode film layer 102 can be smaller than resistance R₁ of the first positive electrode film layer 101.

(2) A conductivity of the second positive electrode conductive agent is greater than a conductivity of the first positive electrode conductive agent. By making the second positive electrode film layer 102 comprise a second positive electrode conductive agent with a higher conductivity, resistance R₂ of the second positive electrode film layer 102 can be smaller than resistance R₁ of the first positive electrode film layer 101.

(3) w₁<w₂, in which w₁ represents a mass percentage of the first positive electrode conductive agent based on the total mass of the first positive electrode film layer 101, and w₂ represents a mass percentage of the second positive electrode conductive agent based on the total mass of the second positive electrode film layer 102.

(4) w₃>w₄, in which w₃ represents a mass percentage of the first positive electrode binder based on the total mass of the first positive electrode film layer 101, and w₄ represents a mass percentage of the second positive electrode binder based on the total mass of the second positive electrode film layer 102.

(5) A compaction density of the second positive electrode film layer 102 is smaller than a compaction density of the first positive electrode film layer 101.

(6) As shown in FIG. 4 , the second positive electrode film layer 102 comprises a second positive electrode base layer 1021 and a second positive electrode conductive carbon layer 1022, and the second positive electrode conductive carbon layer 1022 is disposed on at least one of two opposite surfaces of the second positive electrode base layer 1021.

(7) As shown in FIG. 5 , the first positive electrode film layer 101 comprises a first positive electrode base layer 1011 and a first positive electrode ceramic layer 1013, and the first positive electrode ceramic layer 1013 is disposed on at least one of two opposite surfaces of the first positive electrode base layer 1011. Optionally, the first positive electrode ceramic layer 1013 comprises one or more of alumina ceramics, silicon nitride ceramics, silicon carbide ceramics, and boron nitride ceramics.

It can be understood that although the second positive electrode conductive carbon layer 1022 is disposed on two opposite surfaces of the second positive electrode base layer 1021 as shown in FIG. 4 , in other embodiments, the second positive electrode conductive carbon layer 1022 may also be disposed on one of two opposite surfaces of the second positive electrode base layer 1021. Although the first positive electrode ceramic layer 1013 is disposed on two opposite surfaces of the first positive electrode base layer 1011 as shown in FIG. 5 , in other embodiments, the first positive electrode ceramic layer 1013 may also be disposed on one of two opposite surfaces of the first positive electrode base layer 1011. As shown in FIG. 6 , the positive electrode plate 10 may satisfy the above (6) and (7) both, so that resistance R₂ of the second positive electrode film layer 102 is smaller than resistance R₁ of the first positive electrode film layer 101.

As an example, when the positive electrode plate 10 satisfies one or more of the following (8) to (14), resistance R₂ of the second positive electrode film layer 102 is greater than resistance R₁ of the first positive electrode film layer 101.

(8) The first positive electrode active material has a conductive carbon layer on the surface thereof. When the first positive electrode active material has a conductive carbon layer on the surface thereof, and the second positive electrode active material does not have a conductive carbon layer on the surface thereof, resistance R₂ of the second positive electrode film layer 102 can be greater than resistance R₁ of the first positive electrode film layer 101.

(9) A conductivity of the second positive electrode conductive agent is smaller than a conductivity of the first positive electrode conductive agent. By making the first positive electrode film layer 101 comprise a first positive electrode conductive agent with a higher conductivity, resistance R₂ of the second positive electrode film layer 102 can be greater than resistance R₁ of the first positive electrode film layer 101.

(10) w₁>w₂, in which w₁ represents a mass percentage of the first positive electrode conductive agent based on the total mass of the first positive electrode film layer 101, and w₂ represents a mass percentage of the second positive electrode conductive agent based on the total mass of the second positive electrode film layer 102.

(11) w₃<w₄, in which w₃ represents a mass percentage of the first positive electrode binder based on the total mass of the first positive electrode film layer 101, and w₄ represents a mass percentage of the second positive electrode binder based on the total mass of the second positive electrode film layer 102.

(12) A compaction density of the second positive electrode film layer 102 is greater than a compaction density of the first positive electrode film layer 101.

(13) As shown in FIG. 7 , the first positive electrode film layer 101 comprises a first positive electrode base layer 1011 and a first positive electrode conductive carbon layer 1012, and the first positive electrode conductive carbon layer 1012 is disposed on at least one of two opposite surfaces of the first positive electrode base layer 1011.

(14) As shown in FIG. 8 , the second positive electrode film layer 102 comprises a second positive electrode base layer 1021 and a second positive electrode ceramic layer 1023, and the second positive electrode ceramic layer 1023 is disposed on at least one of two opposite surfaces of the second positive electrode base layer 1021. Optionally, the second positive electrode ceramic layer 1023 comprises one or more of alumina ceramics, silicon nitride ceramics, silicon carbide ceramics, and boron nitride ceramics.

It can be understood that although the first positive electrode conductive carbon layer 1012 is disposed on two opposite surfaces of the first positive electrode base layer 1011 as shown in FIG. 7 , in other embodiments, the first positive electrode conductive carbon layer 1012 may also be disposed on one of two opposite surfaces of the first positive electrode base layer 1011. Although the second positive electrode ceramic layer 1023 is disposed on two opposite surfaces of the second positive electrode base layer 1021 as shown in FIG. 8 , in other embodiments, the second positive electrode ceramic layer 1023 may also be disposed on one of two opposite surfaces of the second positive electrode base layer 1021. As shown in FIG. 9 , the positive electrode plate 10 may satisfy the above (13) and (14) both, so that resistance R₂ of the second positive electrode film layer 102 is greater than resistance R₁ of the first positive electrode film layer 101.

As an example, when the negative electrode plate 20 satisfies one or more of the following (a) to (g), resistance R₄ of the second negative electrode film layer 202 is greater than resistance R₃ of the first positive electrode film layer 101.

(a) The first negative electrode active material has a conductive carbon layer on the surface thereof. When the first negative electrode active material has a conductive carbon layer on the surface thereof, and the second negative electrode active material does not have a conductive carbon layer on the surface thereof, resistance R₄ of the second negative electrode film layer 202 can be greater than resistance R₃ of the first negative electrode film layer 201.

(b) A conductivity of the first negative electrode conductive agent is greater than a conductivity of the second negative electrode conductive agent. By making the first negative electrode film layer 201 comprise a first negative electrode conductive agent with a higher conductivity, resistance R₄ of the second negative electrode film layer 202 can be greater than resistance R₃ of the first negative electrode film layer 201.

(c) w₅>w₆, in which w₅ represents a mass percentage of the first negative electrode conductive agent based on the total mass of the first negative electrode film layer 201, and w₆ represents a mass percentage of the second negative electrode conductive agent based on the total mass of the second negative electrode film layer 202.

(d) w₇<w₈, in which w₇ represents a mass percentage of the first negative electrode binder based on the total mass of the first negative electrode film layer 201, and w₈ represents a mass percentage of the second negative electrode binder based on the total mass of the second negative electrode film layer 202.

(e) A compaction density of the first negative electrode film layer 201 is smaller than a compaction density of the second negative electrode film layer 202.

(f) As shown in FIG. 10 , the first negative electrode film layer 201 comprises a first negative electrode base layer 2011 and a first negative electrode conductive carbon layer 2012, and the first negative electrode conductive carbon layer 2012 is disposed on at least one of two opposite surfaces of the first negative electrode base layer 2011.

(g) As shown in FIG. 11 , the second negative electrode film layer 202 comprises a second negative electrode base layer 2021 and a second negative electrode ceramic layer 2023, and the second negative electrode ceramic layer 2023 is disposed on at least one of two opposite surfaces of the second negative electrode base layer 2021. Optionally, the second negative electrode ceramic layer 2023 comprises one or more of alumina ceramics, silicon nitride ceramics, silicon carbide ceramics, and boron nitride ceramics.

It can be understood that although the first negative electrode conductive carbon layer 2012 is disposed on two opposite surfaces of the first negative electrode base layer 2011 as shown in FIG. 10 , in other embodiments, the first negative electrode conductive carbon layer 2012 may also be disposed on one of two opposite surfaces of the first negative electrode base layer 2011. Although the second negative electrode ceramic layer 2023 is disposed on two opposite surfaces of the second negative electrode base layer 2021 as shown in FIG. 11 , in other embodiments, the second negative electrode ceramic layer 2023 may also be disposed on one of two opposite surfaces of the second negative electrode base layer 2021. As shown in FIG. 12 , the negative electrode plate 20 may satisfy the above (f) and (g) both, so that resistance R₄ of the second negative electrode film layer 202 is greater than resistance R₃ of the first negative electrode film layer 201.

As an example, when the negative electrode plate 20 satisfies one or more of the following (h) to (n), resistance R₄ of the second negative electrode film layer 202 is smaller than resistance R₃ of the first positive electrode film layer 101.

(h) The second negative electrode active material has a conductive carbon layer on the surface thereof. When the second negative electrode active material has a conductive carbon layer on the surface thereof, and the first negative electrode active material does not have a conductive carbon layer on the surface thereof, resistance R₄ of the second negative electrode film layer 202 can be smaller than resistance R₃ of the first negative electrode film layer 201.

(i) A conductivity of the first negative electrode conductive agent is smaller than a conductivity of the second negative electrode conductive agent. By making the second negative electrode film layer 202 comprise a second negative electrode conductive agent with a higher conductivity, resistance R₄ of the second negative electrode film layer 202 can be smaller than resistance R₃ of the first negative electrode film layer 201.

(j) w₅<w₆, in which w₅ represents a mass percentage of the first negative electrode conductive agent based on the total mass of the first negative electrode film layer 201, and w₆ represents a mass percentage of the second negative electrode conductive agent based on the total mass of the second negative electrode film layer 202.

(k) w₇>w₈, in which w₇ represents a mass percentage of the first negative electrode binder based on the total mass of the first negative electrode film layer 201, and w₈ represents a mass percentage of the second negative electrode binder based on the total mass of the second negative electrode film layer 202.

(l) A compaction density of the first negative electrode film layer 201 is greater than a compaction density of the second negative electrode film layer 202.

(m) As shown in FIG. 13 , the second negative electrode film layer 202 comprises a second negative electrode base layer 2021 and a second negative electrode conductive carbon layer 2022, and the second negative electrode conductive carbon layer 2022 is disposed on at least one of two opposite surfaces of the second negative electrode base layer 2021.

(m) As shown in FIG. 14 , the first negative electrode film layer 201 comprises a first negative electrode base layer 2011 and a first negative electrode ceramic layer 2013, and the first negative electrode ceramic layer 2013 is disposed on at least one of two opposite surfaces of the first negative electrode base layer 2011. Optionally, the first negative electrode ceramic layer 2013 comprises one or more of alumina ceramics, silicon nitride ceramics, silicon carbide ceramics, and boron nitride ceramics.

It can be understood that although the second negative electrode conductive carbon layer 2022 is disposed on two opposite surfaces of the second negative electrode base layer 2021 as shown in FIG. 13 , in other embodiments, the second negative electrode conductive carbon layer 2022 may also be disposed on one of two opposite surfaces of the second negative electrode base layer 2021. Although the first negative electrode ceramic layer 2013 is disposed on two opposite surfaces of the first negative electrode base layer 2011 as shown in FIG. 14 , in other embodiments, the first negative electrode ceramic layer 2013 may also be disposed on one of two opposite surfaces of the first negative electrode base layer 2011. As shown in FIG. 15 , the negative electrode plate 20 may satisfy the above (m) and (n) both, so that resistance R₄ of the second negative electrode film layer 202 is smaller than resistance R₃ of the first negative electrode film layer 201.

In some embodiments, the positive electrode current collector may be used in the form of a metal foil or a composite current collector. As an example of the metal foil, aluminum foil can be used as the positive electrode current collector. The composite current collector may comprise a polymer material base layer and a metal material layer formed on at least one surface of the polymer material base layer. As an example, the metal material may be one or more selected from aluminum, aluminum alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, silver, and silver alloy. As an example, the polymer material base layer may be selected from polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE) and the like.

In some embodiments, the first positive electrode active material and the second positive electrode active material may adopt positive electrode active materials known in the art for the secondary battery. As an example, the first positive active material and the second positive active material each independently comprise one or more of lithium transition metal oxides, olivine-structured lithium-containing phosphates, and their respective modified compounds. Examples of lithium transition metal oxides may include, but are not limited to, one or more of lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium nickel cobalt oxide, lithium manganese cobalt oxide, lithium nickel manganese oxide, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide and their respective modified compounds. Examples of olivine-structured lithium-containing phosphates may include, but are not limited to, one or more of lithium iron phosphate, composites of lithium iron phosphate with carbon, lithium manganese phosphate, composites of lithium manganese phosphate with carbon, lithium iron manganese phosphate, composites of lithium iron manganese phosphate with carbon and their respective modified compounds. The present disclosure is not limited to these materials, and other conventionally known materials that can be used as positive electrode active materials for the secondary battery can also be used. These positive electrode active materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

In some embodiments, the above-mentioned modified compounds of each positive electrode active material can be made by modifying the positive electrode active material with the following modification including doping, surface coating, or doping and surface coating simultaneously.

In some embodiments, in order to further improve energy density of the secondary battery, the first positive electrode active material and the second positive electrode active material can also independently include one or more of the lithium transition metal oxide as shown in formula 1 and its modified compounds.

In Formula 1, 0.8≤a≤1.2, 0.5≤b<1, 0<c<1, 0<d<1, 1≤e≤2, 0≤f≤1, M is one or more selected from Mn, Al, Zr, Zn, Cu, Cr, Mg, Fe, V, Ti and B, and A is one or more selected from N, F, S and Cl.

In some embodiments, as an example, the first positive electrode binder and the second positive electrode binder each independently comprise one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene-propylene terpolymer, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene terpolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, and fluorine-containing acrylate resin.

In some embodiments, as an example, the first positive electrode conductive agent and the second positive electrode conductive agent each independently comprise one or more of superconducting carbon, conductive graphite (e.g., KS-6), acetylene black, carbon black (e.g., Super P), Ketjen black, carbon dots, carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphene, and carbon nanofibers.

In some embodiments, the first positive electrode film layer and the second positive electrode film layer are usually formed by applying a positive electrode slurry on the positive electrode current collector, drying and cold pressing. The positive electrode slurry is usually formed by dispersing a positive electrode active material, a positive electrode conductive agent, a positive electrode binder and any other components in a solvent with stirring uniformly. The solvent may be N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), but is not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, the negative electrode current collector can be used in the form of a metal foil or a composite current collector. As an example of the metal foil, a copper foil can be used. The composite current collector may comprise a polymer material base layer and a metal material layer formed on at least one surface of the polymer material base layer. As an example, the metal material may be one or more selected from copper, copper alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, silver, and silver alloy. As an example, the polymer material base layer may be selected from polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE) and the like.

In some embodiments, the first negative electrode active material and the second negative electrode active material may adopt negative electrode active materials known in the art for the secondary battery. As an example, the first negative active material and the second negative active material each independently comprise one or more of artificial graphite, natural graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, silicon-based material, tin-based material, and lithium titanate. The silicon-based material can be one or more selected from elemental silicon, silicon-oxygen compounds, silicon-carbon composites, silicon-nitrogen composites and silicon alloys. The tin-based material can be one or more selected from elemental tin, tin oxide compounds and tin alloys. However, the present disclosure is not limited to these materials, and other conventionally known materials that can be used as negative electrode active materials for the secondary battery can also be used. These negative electrode active materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

In some embodiments, as an example, the first negative binder and the second negative binder independently comprise one or more of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), polyacrylic acid (PAA), sodium polyacrylate (PAAS), polyacrylamide (PAM), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium alginate (SA), polymethacrylic acid (PMAA) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS).

In some embodiments, as an example, the first negative electrode conductive agent and the second negative electrode conductive agent each independently comprise one or more of superconducting carbon, conductive graphite (e.g., KS-6), acetylene black, carbon black (e.g., Super P), Ketjen black, carbon dots, carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphene and carbon nanofibers.

In some embodiments, the first negative film layer and the second negative film layer may optionally comprise other additives, for example thickeners (such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose CMC-Na).

In some embodiments, the first negative electrode film layer and the second negative electrode film layer are usually formed by applying a negative electrode slurry on the negative electrode current collector, drying and cold pressing. The negative electrode slurry is usually formed by dispersing a negative electrode active material, a negative electrode conductive agent, a negative electrode binder and any other components in a solvent with stirring uniformly. The solvent may be deionized water, but is not limited thereto.

[Electrolyte]

Electrolyte functions as conducting active ions between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate. In the secondary battery of the present disclosure, the type of electrolyte is not specifically limited, which can be selected according to requirements. For example, the electrolyte may be at least one selected from solid electrolytes and liquid electrolytes (i.e., electrolytic solution).

In some embodiments, the electrolyte is used in the form of an electrolytic solution. The electrolytic solution comprises an electrolyte salt and a solvent.

In some embodiments, the type of electrolyte salt is not specifically limited, and can be selected according to actual needs. As an example, the electrolyte salt may be one or more selected from lithium hexafluorophosphate LiPF₆, lithium tetrafluoroborate LiBF₄, lithium perchlorate LiClO₄, lithium hexafluoroarsenate LiAsF6, lithium bisfluorosulfonimide LiFSI, lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide LiTFSI, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate LiTFS, lithium difluorooxalate borate LiDFOB, lithium dioxalate borate LiBOB, lithium difluorophosphate LiPO₂F₂, lithium difluorobisoxalate phosphate LiDFOP and lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate LiTFOP.

In some embodiments, the type of solvent is not specifically limited, and can be selected according to actual needs. As an example, the solvent may be one or more selected from ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), dipropyl carbonate (DPC), methyl propyl carbonate (MPC), ethyl propyl carbonate (EPC), butylene carbonate (BC), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), methyl formate (MF), methyl acetate (MA)), ethyl acetate (EA), propyl acetate (PA), methyl propionate (MP), ethyl propionate (EP), propyl propionate (PP), methyl butyrate (MB), ethyl butyrate (EB), 1,4-butyrolactone (GBL), sulfolane (SF), dimethyl sulfone (MSM), methyl ethyl sulfone (EMS) and diethyl sulfone (ESE).

In some embodiments, the solvent is a non-aqueous solvent.

In some embodiments, the electrolytic solution may optionally comprise additives. For example, the additives may include negative electrode film-forming additives, positive electrode film-forming additives, and may further include those additives that can improve certain performance of batteries, such as those additives to improve battery overcharge performance, those additives to improve battery high temperature performance, and those additives to improve battery low temperature performance and the like.

[Separator]

In the secondary battery using an electrolytic solution and some the secondary battery using a solid electrolyte, a separator is also included. The separator is arranged between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate, which mainly functions as preventing short circuit of the positive and negative electrodes while allowing active ions to pass through. There is no particular limitation on the type of separator in the present disclosure, and any well-known porous-structure separator with good chemical stability and mechanical stability can be selected.

In some embodiments, materials of the separator can be one or more selected from glass fibers, non-woven fabrics, polyethylene, polypropylene and polyvinylidene fluoride. The separator can be a single-layer film or a multi-layer composite film. When the separator is a multi-layer composite film, materials of each layer can be the same or different.

[Method for Preparing Electrode Assembly]

The present disclosure also provides a method for preparing an electrode assembly, and the method may comprise the steps of:

S10, a first positive electrode active material, a first positive electrode conductive agent, a first positive electrode binder are dispersed in a solvent and stirred homogeneously to form a first positive electrode slurry, a second positive electrode active material, a second positive electrode conductive agent, a second positive electrode binder are dispersed in a solvent and stirred homogeneously to form a second positive electrode slurry, the first positive electrode slurry and the second positive electrode slurry are respectively applied on opposite surfaces of a positive electrode current collector, and dried and cold pressed to obtain a positive electrode plate, wherein a first positive electrode film layer and a second positive electrode film layer are formed from the first positive electrode slurry and the second positive electrode slurry form respectively;

S20, a first negative electrode active material, a first negative electrode conductive agent, a first negative electrode binder are dispersed in a solvent and stirred homogeneously to form a first negative electrode slurry, a second negative electrode active material, a second negative electrode conductive agent, a second negative electrode binder are dispersed in a solvent and stirred homogeneously to form a second negative electrode slurry, the first negative electrode slurry and the second negative electrode slurry are respectively applied on opposite surfaces of a negative electrode current collector, and dried and cold pressed to obtain a negative electrode plate, wherein a first negative electrode film layer and a second negative electrode film layer are formed from the first negative electrode slurry and the second negative electrode slurry form respectively;

S30, the positive electrode plate, separator and negative electrode plate are assembled into an electrode assembly, wherein the first positive film layer is located on the side of the positive current collector close to the separator and the second negative film layer is located on the side of the negative current collector close to the separator;

S40, the electrode assembly is detected, and the electrode assembly satisfying both CAP1=CAP2 and |R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|>0 is sorted out, wherein CAP1 represents capacity of the first positive electrode film layer in Ah, CAP2 represents capacity of the second positive electrode film layer in Ah, R₁ represents resistance of the first positive electrode film layer in Ω, R₂ represents resistance of the second positive electrode film layer in Ω, R₃ represents resistance of the first negative electrode film layer in mΩ, and R₄ represents resistance of the second negative electrode film layer in mΩ.

The electrode assemblies obtained by the method of the present disclosure can greatly extend cycle life of the secondary battery.

In some embodiments, as an example, the positive electrode plate, the separator, and the negative electrode plate may be formed into an electrode assembly through a winding process or a lamination process.

In some embodiments, in step S40, optionally, an electrode assembly satisfying 0<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤20 is sorted out.

In some embodiments, in step S40, optionally, an electrode assembly satisfying 0.2≤| R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤10 is sorted out.

In some embodiments, in step S40, optionally, an electrode assembly satisfying 0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤5 is sorted out.

In some embodiments, the method further includes the following step of: S50, sorting out further electrode assemblies that satisfy 1≤R₄/R₃≤30 and 0<R₂/R₁≤20 both.

In some embodiments, the method further includes the following step of: S50, sorting out further electrode assemblies that satisfy 0<R₄/R₃≤1 and 0<R₂/R₁≤1 both.

In some embodiments, the method further includes the following step of: S50, sorting out further electrode assemblies that satisfy 0<R₄/R₃≤1 and 0≤ R₂/R₁≤20.

Battery Module and Battery Pack

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the secondary battery according to the present disclosure can be assembled into a battery module, the number of the secondary battery contained in the battery module can be multiple, and the specific number can be adjusted according to the disclosure and capacity of the battery module.

FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of the battery module 4 as an example. As shown in FIG. 16 , in the battery module 4, a plurality of the secondary battery 5 may be arranged in sequence along the longitudinal direction of the battery module 4. Of course, they can also be arranged in any other manner. Furthermore, a plurality of the secondary battery 5 can be fixed with fasteners.

Optionally, the battery module 4 may further include a housing having an accommodating space in which a plurality of the secondary battery 5 are accommodated.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the above-mentioned battery modules can also be assembled into a battery pack, and the number of battery modules included in the battery pack can be adjusted according to the disclosure and capacity of the battery pack.

FIGS. 17 and 18 are schematic diagrams of the battery pack 1 as an example. As shown in FIGS. 17 and 18 , the battery pack 1 may include a battery case and a plurality of battery modules 4 provided in the battery case. The battery case includes an upper case body 2 and a lower case body 3, and the upper case body 2 is used to cover the lower case body 3 to form a closed space for accommodating the battery modules 4. A plurality of battery modules 4 may be arranged in the battery case in any manner.

Electrical Device

Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide an electrical device comprising at least one of the secondary battery, battery module, and battery pack of the present disclosure. The secondary battery, battery module or battery pack can be used as a power source of the electrical device, and can also be used as an energy storage unit of the electrical device. The electrical device can be, but is not limited to, a mobile device (e.g., a mobile phone, a notebook computer, and the like), an electric vehicle (e.g., a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, an electric bicycle, an electric scooter, an electric golf vehicle, an electric truck and the like), an electric train, a ship, a satellite, an energy storage system, and the like.

The electrical device can select a secondary battery, a battery module or a battery pack according to its usage requirements.

FIG. 19 is a schematic diagrams of an electrical device as an example. The electrical device is a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, or a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. In order to meet high power and high energy density requirements of the electrical device, a battery pack or a battery module can be used.

As another example, the electrical device may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, and the like. The electric device is generally required to be light and thin, and a secondary battery can be used as a power source.

EXAMPLES

The following examples more specifically describe the content disclosed in the present disclosure, and these examples are only used for explanatory description, because various modifications and changes within the scope of the present disclosure are obvious to those skilled in the art. Unless otherwise stated, all parts, percentages, and ratios described in the following examples are based on weight, all reagents used in the examples are commercially available or synthesized according to conventional methods and can be directly used without further treatment, and all instruments used in the examples are commercially available.

Comparative Example 1

The structure of the secondary battery is shown in FIG. 3 .

The Preparation of Positive Electrode Plate

The positive active material LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O₂, binder PVDF, and conductive agent Super P were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent NMP at a weight ratio of 96.2:1.1:2.7 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a first positive electrode slurry, and the first positive electrode slurry was applied on the side of a positive electrode current collector aluminum foil close to separator.

The positive active material LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O₂, binder PVDF, and conductive agent Super P were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent NMP at a weight ratio of 96.2:1.1:2.7 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a second positive electrode slurry, and the second positive electrode slurry was applied on the side of a positive electrode current collector aluminum foil away from separator.

In which, the coating weights of the first positive electrode slurry and of the second positive electrode slurry were the same, and then the first positive electrode slurry was dried and cold pressed to form a first positive electrode film layer, and the second positive electrode slurry was dried and cold pressed to form a second positive electrode film layer.

The Preparation of Negative Electrode Plate

The negative active material graphite with a conductive carbon layer, conductive agent Super P, thickener CMC-Na, and binder SBR were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent deionized water at a weight ratio of 97:1:0.5:1.5 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a first negative electrode slurry, and the first negative electrode slurry was applied on the side of a negative electrode current collector copper foil away from separator.

The negative active material graphite with a conductive carbon layer, conductive agent Super P, thickener CMC-Na, and binder SBR were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent deionized water at a weight ratio of 97:1:0.5:1.5 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a second negative electrode slurry, and the second negative electrode slurry was applied on the side of a negative electrode current collector copper foil close to separator.

In which, the coating weights of the first negative electrode slurry and of the second negative electrode slurry were the same, and then the first negative electrode slurry was dried and cold pressed to form a first negative electrode film layer, and the second negative electrode slurry was dried and cold pressed to form a second negative electrode film layer.

Separator

A porous polyethylene film was used as the separator.

The Preparation of Electrolytic Solution

Ethylene carbonate (EC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) were mixed at a volume ratio of 1:1:1 to obtain an organic solvent; and LiPF₆ was uniformly dissolved in above-mentioned organic solvent to obtain the electrolytic solution, wherein the concentration of LiPF₆ was 1 mol/L.

The Preparation of Secondary Battery

The positive electrode plate, separator, negative electrode plate as prepared above were stacked and wound in order to obtain an electrode assembly; the electrode assembly was put into an outer package, to which above-mentioned electrolyte was added. Through encapsulation, standing, formation, and capacity testing, the secondary battery was obtained. The formation process was as follows: the secondary battery was charged to 3.0V with a constant current of 0.1C, and then charged to 3.75V with a constant current of 0.2C. The capacity testing was as follows: the secondary battery was charged to 4.4V with a constant current of 0.33C, and then charged to 0.05C with a constant voltage; the secondary battery was discharged to 2.5V with a constant current of 0.33C, and then charged to 3.65V with a constant current of 0.33C, and then charged to 0.05C with a constant voltage.

Comparative Example 2

The preparation method of secondary battery was similar to Comparative Example 1, except that: the relevant parameters in the preparation of negative electrode plate and positive electrode plate were adjusted.

The positive active material LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O₂, binder PVDF, conductive agent Super P and conductive agent CNT were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent NMP at a weight ratio of 96.2:1.1:2.4:0.3 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a first positive electrode slurry.

The side of the negative electrode current collector away from separator was also coated with a conductive carbon layer with a thickness of 1 µm.

Comparative Example 3

The preparation method of secondary battery was similar to Comparative Example 1, except that: the relevant parameters in the preparation of negative electrode plate and positive electrode plate were adjusted.

The positive active material LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O₂, binder PVDF, conductive agent Super P and conductive agent CNT were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent NMP at a weight ratio of 96.2:1.25:2.25:0.3 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a first positive electrode slurry.

The negative active material graphite with a conductive carbon layer, conductive agent Super P, thickener CMC-Na, and binder SBR were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent deionized water at a weight ratio of 97.2:0.8:0.5:1.5 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a first negative electrode slurry.

Example 1

The preparation method of secondary battery was similar to Comparative Example 1, except that: the relevant parameters in the preparation of negative electrode plate were adjusted.

The negative active material graphite with a conductive carbon layer, conductive agent Super P, thickener CMC-Na, and binder SBR were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent deionized water at a weight ratio of 97.05:0.95:0.5:1.5 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a second negative electrode slurry.

Example 2

The preparation method of secondary battery was similar to Comparative Example 1, except that: the relevant parameters in the preparation of negative electrode plate were adjusted.

The negative active material graphite with a conductive carbon layer, conductive agent Super P, thickener CMC-Na, and binder SBR were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent deionized water at a weight ratio of 97.1:0.9:0.5:1.5 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a second negative electrode slurry.

Example 3

The preparation method of secondary battery was similar to Comparative Example 1, except that: the relevant parameters in the preparation of negative electrode plate were adjusted.

The negative active material graphite with a conductive carbon layer, conductive agent Super P, thickener CMC-Na, and binder SBR were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent deionized water at a weight ratio of 97.2:0.8:0.5:1.5 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a second negative electrode slurry.

Example 4

The preparation method of secondary battery was similar to Comparative Example 1, except that: the relevant parameters in the preparation of negative electrode plate were adjusted.

The negative active material graphite, conductive agent Super P, thickener CMC-Na, and binder SBR were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent deionized water at a weight ratio of 97:1:0.5:1.5 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a second negative electrode slurry.

Example 5

The preparation method of secondary battery was similar to Comparative Example 1, except that: the relevant parameters in the preparation of negative electrode plate were adjusted.

The negative active material graphite, conductive agent Super P, thickener CMC-Na, and binder SBR were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent deionized water at a weight ratio of 97.1:0.9:0.5:1.5 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a second negative electrode slurry.

Example 6

The preparation method of secondary battery was similar to Comparative Example 1, except that: the relevant parameters in the preparation of negative electrode plate were adjusted.

The negative active material graphite, conductive agent Super P, thickener CMC-Na, and binder SBR were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent deionized water at a weight ratio of 97.2:0.8:0.5:1.5 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a second negative electrode slurry.

Example 7

The preparation method of secondary battery was similar to Comparative Example 1, except that: the relevant parameters in the preparation of negative electrode plate were adjusted.

The negative active material graphite with a conductive carbon layer, conductive agent Super P, thickener CMC-Na, and binder SBR were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent deionized water at a weight ratio of 97:1:0.5:1.5 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a first negative electrode slurry, the first negative electrode slurry was applied on the side of a negative electrode current collector copper foil away from separator and the side of the negative electrode current collector away from separator was also coated with a conductive carbon layer with a thickness of 1 µm..

The negative active material graphite, conductive agent Super P, thickener CMC-Na, and binder SBR were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent deionized water at a weight ratio of 97:1:0.5:1.5 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a second negative electrode slurry, and the second negative electrode slurry was applied on the side of a negative electrode current collector copper foil close to separator.

Example 8

The preparation method of secondary battery was similar to Comparative Example 1, except that: the relevant parameters in the preparation of negative electrode plate were adjusted.

The negative active material graphite with a conductive carbon layer, conductive agent Super P, thickener CMC-Na, and binder SBR were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent deionized water at a weight ratio of 97:1:0.5:1.5 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a first negative electrode slurry, the first negative electrode slurry was applied on the side of a negative electrode current collector copper foil away from separator and the side of the negative electrode current collector away from separator was also coated with a conductive carbon layer with a thickness of 1 µm.

The negative active material graphite, conductive agent Super P, thickener CMC-Na, and binder SBR were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent deionized water at a weight ratio of 97.1:0.9:0.5:1.5 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a second negative electrode slurry, and the second negative electrode slurry was applied on the side of a negative electrode current collector copper foil close to separator.

Example 9

The preparation method of secondary battery was similar to Comparative Example 1, except that: the relevant parameters in the preparation of negative electrode plate were adjusted.

The negative active material graphite with a conductive carbon layer, conductive agent Super P, thickener CMC-Na, and binder SBR were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent deionized water at a weight ratio of 97:1:0.5:1.5 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a first negative electrode slurry, the first negative electrode slurry was applied on the side of a negative electrode current collector copper foil away from separator and the side of the negative electrode current collector away from separator was also coated with a conductive carbon layer with a thickness of 1 µm.

The negative active material graphite, conductive agent Super P, thickener CMC-Na, and binder SBR were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent deionized water at a weight ratio of 97.2:0.8:0.5:1.5 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a second negative electrode slurry, and the second negative electrode slurry was applied on the side of a negative electrode current collector copper foil close to separator.

Example 10

The preparation method of secondary battery was similar to Comparative Example 1, except that: the relevant parameters in the preparation of negative electrode plate were adjusted.

The side of the negative electrode current collector close to separator was also coated with a silicon carbide ceramic layer with a thickness of 1 µm.

Example 11

The preparation method of secondary battery was similar to Comparative Example 1, except that: the relevant parameters in the preparation of negative electrode plate were adjusted.

The side of the negative electrode current collector close to separator was also coated with a silicon carbide ceramic layer with a thickness of 2 µm.

Example 12

The preparation method of secondary battery was similar to Comparative Example 1, except that: the relevant parameters in the preparation of negative electrode plate were adjusted.

The side of the negative electrode current collector close to separator was also coated with a silicon carbide ceramic layer with a thickness of 2.5 µm.

Example 13

The preparation method of secondary battery was similar to Comparative Example 1, except that: the relevant parameters in the preparation of positive electrode plate were adjusted.

The positive active material LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O₂, binder PVDF, and conductive agent Super P were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent NMP at a weight ratio of 96.2:1.0:2.8 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a second positive electrode slurry.

Example 14

The preparation method of secondary battery was similar to Comparative Example 1, except that: the relevant parameters in the preparation of positive electrode plate and negative electrode plate were adjusted.

The positive active material LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O₂, binder PVDF, and conductive agent Super P were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent NMP at a weight ratio of 96.2:1.4:2.4 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a first positive electrode slurry.

The positive active material LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O₂, binder PVDF, conductive agent Super P and conducive agent CNT were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent NMP at a weight ratio of 96.2:1.1:2.4:0.3 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a second positive electrode slurry.

The negative active material graphite, conductive agent Super P, thickener CMC-Na, and binder SBR were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent deionized water at a weight ratio of 97.1:0.9:0.5:1.5 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a first negative electrode slurry, and the first negative electrode slurry was applied on the side of a negative electrode current collector copper foil away from separator.

The negative active material graphite with a conductive carbon layer, conductive agent Super P, thickener CMC-Na, and binder SBR were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent deionized water at a weight ratio of 97:1:0.5:1.5 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a second negative electrode slurry, the second negative electrode slurry was applied on the side of a negative electrode current collector copper foil close to separator and the side of the negative electrode current collector close to separator was also coated with a conductive carbon layer with a thickness of 2 µm.

Example 15

The preparation method of secondary battery was similar to Comparative Example 1, except that: the relevant parameters in the preparation of positive electrode plate and negative electrode plate were adjusted.

The positive active material LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O₂, binder PVDF, and conductive agent Super P were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent NMP at a weight ratio of 96.2:1.1:2.7 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a first positive electrode slurry.

The positive active material LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O₂, binder PVDF, conductive agent Super P and conducive agent CNT were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent NMP at a weight ratio of 96.2:1.1:2.4:0.3 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a second positive electrode slurry.

The negative active material graphite, conductive agent Super P, thickener CMC-Na, and binder SBR were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent deionized water at a weight ratio of 96.8:1.2:0.5:1.5 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a first negative electrode slurry, and the first negative electrode slurry was applied on the side of a negative electrode current collector copper foil away from separator.

The negative active material graphite with a conductive carbon layer, conductive agent Super P, thickener CMC-Na, and binder SBR were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent deionized water at a weight ratio of 97:1:0.5:1.5 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a second negative electrode slurry, the second negative electrode slurry was applied on the side of a negative electrode current collector copper foil close to separator and the side of the negative electrode current collector close to separator was also coated with a conductive carbon layer with a thickness of 1 µm.

Example 16

The preparation method of secondary battery was similar to Comparative Example 1, except that: the relevant parameters in the preparation of positive electrode plate and negative electrode plate were adjusted.

The positive active material LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O₂, binder PVDF, and conductive agent Super P were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent NMP at a weight ratio of 96.2:1.2:2.6 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a first positive electrode slurry.

The negative active material graphite, conductive agent Super P, thickener CMC-Na, and binder SBR were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent deionized water at a weight ratio of 96.8:1.2:0.5:1.5 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a first negative electrode slurry.

Example 17

The preparation method of secondary battery was similar to Comparative Example 1, except that: the relevant parameters in the preparation of positive electrode plate and negative electrode plate were adjusted.

The positive active material LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O₂, binder PVDF, and conductive agent Super P were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent NMP at a weight ratio of 96.2:1.4:2.4 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a first positive electrode slurry.

The positive active material LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O₂, binder PVDF, conductive agent Super P and conducive agent CNT were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent NMP at a weight ratio of 96.2:1.1:2.4:0.3 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a second positive electrode slurry.

The negative active material graphite, conductive agent Super P, thickener CMC-Na, and binder SBR were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent deionized water at a weight ratio of 97.2:0.8:0.5:1.5 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a first negative electrode slurry.

The negative active material graphite with a conductive carbon layer, conductive agent Super P, thickener CMC-Na, and binder SBR were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent deionized water at a weight ratio of 97:1:0.5:1.5 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a second negative electrode slurry.

Example 18

The preparation method of secondary battery was similar to Comparative Example 1, except that: the relevant parameters in the preparation of positive electrode plate and negative electrode plate were adjusted.

The positive active material LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O₂, binder PVDF, and conductive agent Super P were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent NMP at a weight ratio of 96.2:1.7:2.1 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a first positive electrode slurry.

The positive active material LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O₂, binder PVDF, conductive agent Super P and conducive agent CNT were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent NMP at a weight ratio of 96.2:1.1:2.4:0.3 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a second positive electrode slurry.

The negative active material graphite with a conductive carbon layer, conductive agent Super P, thickener CMC-Na, and binder SBR were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent deionized water at a weight ratio of 97.1:0.9:0.5:1.5 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a first negative electrode slurry.

The negative active material graphite with a conductive carbon layer, conductive agent Super P, thickener CMC-Na, and binder SBR were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent deionized water at a weight ratio of 97:1:0.5:1.5 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a second negative electrode slurry.

Example 19

The preparation method of secondary battery was similar to Comparative Example 1, except that: the relevant parameters in the preparation of positive electrode plate were adjusted.

The positive active material LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O₂, binder PVDF, and conductive agent Super P were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent NMP at a weight ratio of 96.2:1.4:2.4 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a first positive electrode slurry, the first positive electrode slurry was applied on the side of a positive electrode current collector aluminum foil close to separator and the side of the positive electrode current collector close to separator was also coated with an alumina ceramic layer with a thickness of 1 µm..

The positive active material LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O₂, binder PVDF, conductive agent Super P and conducive agent CNT were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent NMP at a weight ratio of 96.2:1.1:2.4:0.3 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a second positive electrode slurry, and the second positive electrode slurry was applied on the side of a positive electrode current collector aluminum foil away from separator.

Example 20

The preparation method of secondary battery was similar to Comparative Example 1, except that: the relevant parameters in the preparation of negative electrode plate were adjusted.

The negative active material graphite with a conductive carbon layer, conductive agent Super P, thickener CMC-Na, and binder SBR were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent deionized water at a weight ratio of 97.1:0.9:0.5:1.5 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a first negative electrode slurry.

Example 21

The preparation method of secondary battery was similar to Comparative Example 1, except that: the relevant parameters in the preparation of negative electrode plate were adjusted.

The negative active material graphite with a conductive carbon layer, conductive agent Super P, thickener CMC-Na, and binder SBR were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent deionized water at a weight ratio of 97:1:0.5:1.5 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a first negative electrode slurry.

Example 22

The preparation method of secondary battery was similar to Comparative Example 1, except that: the relevant parameters in the preparation of negative electrode plate were adjusted.

The negative active material graphite, conductive agent Super P, thickener CMC-Na, and binder SBR were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent deionized water at a weight ratio of 97:1:0.5:1.5 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a first negative electrode slurry, the first negative electrode slurry was applied on the side of a negative electrode current collector copper foil away from separator, and the side of the negative electrode current collector away from separator was also coated with a silicon carbide ceramic layer with a thickness of 1 µm.

The negative active material graphite with a conductive carbon layer, conductive agent Super P, thickener CMC-Na, and binder SBR were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent deionized water at a weight ratio of 97.05:0.95:0.5:1.5 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a second negative electrode slurry, and the second negative electrode slurry was applied on the side of a negative electrode current collector copper foil close to separator.

Example 23

The preparation method of secondary battery was similar to Comparative Example 1, except that: the relevant parameters in the preparation of positive electrode plate and negative electrode plate were adjusted.

The positive active material LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O₂, binder PVDF, conductive agent Super P and conductive agent CNT were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent NMP at a weight ratio of 96.2:1.1:2.4:0.3 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a first positive electrode slurry.

The negative active material graphite, conductive agent Super P, thickener CMC-Na, and binder SBR were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent deionized water at a weight ratio of 97:1:0.5:1.5 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a first negative electrode slurry.

Example 24

The preparation method of secondary battery was similar to Comparative Example 1, except that: the relevant parameters in the preparation of positive electrode plate were adjusted.

The positive active material LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O₂, binder PVDF, and conductive agent Super P were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent NMP at a weight ratio of 96.2:1.4:2.4 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a first positive electrode slurry and the first positive electrode slurry was applied on the side of a positive electrode current collector aluminum foil close to separator.

The positive active material LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O₂, binder PVDF, and conductive agent Super P were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent NMP at a weight ratio of 96.2:1.4:2.4 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a second positive electrode slurry, the second positive electrode slurry was applied on the side of a positive electrode current collector aluminum foil away from separator and the side of the positive electrode current collector away from separator was also coated with an alumina ceramic layer with a thickness of 1 µm.

Example 25

The preparation method of secondary battery was similar to Comparative Example 1, except that: the relevant parameters in the preparation of positive electrode plate were adjusted.

The positive active material LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O₂, binder PVDF, conductive agent Super P and conductive agent CNT were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent NMP at a weight ratio of 96.2:1.1:2.4:0.3 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a second positive electrode slurry, the second positive electrode slurry was applied on the side of a positive electrode current collector aluminum foil away from separator and the side of the positive electrode current collector away from separator was also coated with an alumina ceramic layer with a thickness of 1 µm.

Example 26

The preparation method of secondary battery was similar to Comparative Example 1, except that: the relevant parameters in the preparation of positive electrode plate were adjusted.

The positive active material LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O₂, binder PVDF, and conductive agent Super P were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent NMP at a weight ratio of 96.2:1.4:2.4 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a second positive electrode slurry, the second positive electrode slurry was applied on the side of a positive electrode current collector aluminum foil away from separator and the side of the positive electrode current collector away from separator was also coated with an alumina ceramic layer with a thickness of 1 µm.

Example 27

The preparation method of secondary battery was similar to Comparative Example 1, except that: the relevant parameters in the preparation of positive electrode plate were adjusted.

The positive active material LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O₂, binder PVDF, and conductive agent Super P were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent NMP at a weight ratio of 96.2:1.4:2.4 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a second positive electrode slurry, the second positive electrode slurry was applied on the side of a positive electrode current collector aluminum foil away from separator and the side of the positive electrode current collector away from separator was also coated with an alumina ceramic layer with a thickness of 1.5 µm.

Example 28

The preparation method of secondary battery was similar to Comparative Example 1, except that: the relevant parameters in the preparation of positive electrode plate were adjusted.

The positive active material LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O₂, binder PVDF, conductive agent Super P and conductive agent CNT were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent NMP at a weight ratio of 96.2:1.1:2.4:0.3 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a first positive electrode slurry and the first positive electrode slurry was applied on the side of a positive electrode current collector aluminum foil close to separator.

The positive active material LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O₂, binder PVDF, and conductive agent Super P were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent NMP at a weight ratio of 96.2:1.3:2.5 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a second positive electrode slurry, the second positive electrode slurry was applied on the side of a positive electrode current collector aluminum foil away from separator and the side of the positive electrode current collector away from separator was also coated with an alumina ceramic layer with a thickness of 1.5 µm.

Example 29

The preparation method of secondary battery was similar to Comparative Example 1, except that: the relevant parameters in the preparation of positive electrode plate were adjusted.

The positive active material LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O₂, binder PVDF, and conductive agent Super P were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent NMP at a weight ratio of 96.2:1.4:2.4 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a second positive electrode slurry, the second positive electrode slurry was applied on the side of a positive electrode current collector aluminum foil away from separator and the side of the positive electrode current collector away from separator was also coated with an alumina ceramic layer with a thickness of 3 µm.

Example 30

The preparation method of secondary battery was similar to Comparative Example 1, except that: the relevant parameters in the preparation of positive electrode plate were adjusted.

The positive active material LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O₂, binder PVDF, and conductive agent Super P were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent NMP at a weight ratio of 96.2:1.4:2.4 with fully stirring, thereby obtaining a second positive electrode slurry, the second positive electrode slurry was applied on the side of a positive electrode current collector aluminum foil away from separator and the side of the positive electrode current collector away from separator was also coated with an alumina ceramic layer with a thickness of 4 µm.

Test Section (1) Capacity Test of Positive Electrode Film Layers

The cold-pressed positive electrode plate was wiped to remove its second positive electrode film layer and then punched into small wafers with a diameter of 14 mm. The small wafers were assembled into a button battery in a glove box. After that, the button battery was subjected to a charging-discharging process with a blue electricity tester in which it was charged with a constant current of 0.1 mA to a charge cut-off voltage, and it was discharged with a constant current of 0.1 mA to a discharge cut-off voltage to obtain the discharge capacity CAP0. Capacity CAP1 of the first positive electrode film layer was obtained by the formula CAP0×S₁/S₀, where S₀ was area of the small wafers, and S₁ was area of the first positive electrode film layer.

The cold-pressed positive electrode plate was wiped to remove its first positive electrode film layer and then punched into small wafers with a diameter of 14 mm. The small wafers were assembled into a button battery in a glove box. After that, the button battery was subjected to a charging-discharging process with a blue electricity tester in which it was charged with a constant current of 0.1 mA to a charge cut-off voltage, and it was discharged with a constant current of 0.1 mA to a discharge cut-off voltage to obtain the discharge capacity CAP0. Capacity CAP2 of the second positive electrode film layer was obtained by the formula CAP0×S₂/S₀, where S₀ was area of the small wafers, and S₂ was area of the second positive electrode film layer.

(2) Resistance Test of Each Electrode Film Layer

The cold-pressed positive electrode plate was wiped to remove its second positive electrode film layer and, and disposed in parallel between two conductive terminals of the electrode plate resistance meter with a certain pressure for fixture, to obtain the resistance R₁ of the first positive electrode film layer. The cold-pressed positive electrode plate was wiped to remove its first positive electrode film layer and, and disposed in parallel between two conductive terminals of the electrode plate resistance meter with a certain pressure for fixture, to obtain the resistance R₂ of the second positive electrode film layer. The cold-pressed negative electrode plate was wiped to remove its second negative electrode film layer and, and disposed in parallel between two conductive terminals of the electrode plate resistance meter with a certain pressure for fixture, to obtain the resistance R₃ of the first negative electrode film layer. The cold-pressed negative electrode plate was wiped to remove its first negative electrode film layer and, and disposed in parallel between two conductive terminals of the electrode plate resistance meter with a certain pressure for fixture, to obtain the resistance R₄ of the second negative electrode film layer.

The electrode plate resistance meter has a model of IEST BER1000 (from Yuanneng Technology Co., Ltd.), and the conductive terminal has a diameter of 14 mm, and the applied pressure was within 15Mpa-27Mpa, and the sampling range was within 10s to 20s.

(3) Mass Energy Density Test

At 25° C., the secondary battery was charged to 4.4 V with a constant current of 0.33 C, and charged with a constant voltage to a current of 0.05 C. After the secondary battery was allowed for standing for 5 min, it was discharged to 2.5 V with a constant current of 0.33 C, thereby obtaining a discharge energy Q.

Mass energy density of the secondary battery (Wh/Kg)=discharge energy Q/mass m of the secondary battery.

(4) Cycle Performance Test

At 25° C., the secondary battery was charged to 4.4 V with a constant current of 0.5 C, and charged with a constant voltage to a current of 0.05 C. At this time, the secondary battery was in a fully charged state, which charge capacity was recorded, i.e. the charge capacity of the first cycle. After the secondary battery was allowed for standing for 5 min, it was discharged to 2.5 V with a constant current of 0.5 After standing for 5 minutes, the secondary battery was discharged to 2.5 V with a constant current of 0.5 C. This was a cyclic charge-discharge process, which discharge capacity was recorded, i.e. the discharge capacity of the first cycle. The secondary battery was subjected to the above cyclic charge-discharge process, and the discharge capacity after each cycle was recorded until the discharge capacity of the secondary battery decays to 80% of the discharge capacity of the first cycle. The number of cycles at this time was used to characterize cycle performance of the secondary battery at a rate of 0.5 C. The higher the cycle number of the secondary battery, the better the cycle performance is.

Performance test results of Comparative Example 1-3 and Examples 1-30 were shown in Table 1 and table 2.

TABLE 1 No. CAP1 (Ah) CAP2 (Ah) R₁ (Ω) R₂ (Ω) R₃ (mΩ) R₄ (mΩ) Comparative Example 1 30 30 0.30 0.30 1.20 1.20 Comparative Example 2 30 30 0.15 0.30 0.60 1.20 Comparative Example 3 30 30 0.38 0.30 1.50 1.20 Example 1 30 30 0.30 0.30 1.20 1.32 Example 2 30 30 0.30 0.30 1.20 1.44 Example 3 30 30 0.30 0.30 1.20 1.80 Example 4 30 30 0.30 0.30 1.20 2.40 Example 5 30 30 0.30 0.30 1.20 3.00 Example 6 30 30 0.30 0.30 1.20 3.60 Example 7 30 30 0.30 0.30 0.60 2.40 Example 8 30 30 0.30 0.30 0.60 3.00 Example 9 30 30 0.30 0.30 0.60 3.60 Example 10 30 30 0.30 0.30 1.20 13.2 Example 11 30 30 0.30 0.30 1.20 25.2 Example 12 30 30 0.30 0.30 1.20 36.0 Example 13 30 30 0.30 0.27 1.20 1.20 Example 14 30 30 0.50 0.15 3.00 0.60 Example 15 30 30 0.30 0.15 2.00 0.60 Example 16 30 30 0.33 0.30 2.00 1.20 Example 17 30 30 0.50 0.15 1.50 1.20 Example 18 30 30 0.75 0.15 1.32 1.20 Example 19 30 30 1.50 0.15 1.20 1.20 Example 20 30 30 0.30 0.30 1.32 1.20 Example 21 30 30 0.30 0.30 2.40 1.20 Example 22 30 30 0.30 0.30 13.2 1.32 Example 23 30 30 0.15 0.30 2.40 1.20 Example 24 30 30 0.50 1.50 1.20 1.20 Example 25 30 30 0.30 1.20 1.20 1.20 Example 26 30 30 0.30 1.50 1.20 1.20 Example 27 30 30 0.30 1.80 1.20 1.20 Example 28 30 30 0.15 1.65 1.20 1.20 Example 29 30 30 0.30 6.30 1.20 1.20 Example 30 30 30 0.30 9.00 1.20 1.20

TABLE 2 No. R₂/R₁ R₄/R₃ |R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁| Mass Energy Density (Wh/Kg) Cycle Number Comparative Example 1 1 1 0 260 2100 Comparative Example 2 2 2 0 260 2150 Comparative Example 3 0.8 0.8 0 260 2100 Example 1 1 1.1 0.1 260 2150 Example 2 1 1.2 0.2 260 2200 Example 3 1 1.5 0.5 260 2350 Example 4 1 2 1 260 2500 Example 5 1 2.5 1.5 260 2500 Example 6 1 3 2 260 2500 Example 7 1 4 3 255 2550 Example 8 1 5 4 255 2500 Example 9 1 6 5 255 2500 Example 10 1 11 10 240 2600 Example 11 1 21 20 235 2650 Example 12 1 30 29 230 2700 Example 13 0.9 1 0.1 260 2200 Example 14 0.3 0.2 0.1 260 2150 Example 15 0.5 0.3 0.2 260 2200 Example 16 0.9 0.6 0.3 260 2250 Example 17 0.3 0.8 0.5 260 2350 Example 18 0.2 0.9 0.7 260 2400 Example 19 0.1 1 0.9 260 2450 Example 20 1 0.9 0.1 260 2250 Example 21 1 0.5 0.5 260 2350 Example 22 1 0.1 0.9 250 2450 Example 23 2 0.5 1.5 260 2500 Example 24 3 1 2 245 2500 Example 25 4 1 3 260 2450 Example 26 5 1 4 240 2450 Example 27 6 1 5 235 2450 Example 28 11 1 10 230 2500 Example 29 21 1 20 220 2550 Example 30 30 1 29 210 2550

It can be seen from the test results of table 2 that, by rationally setting the relationship between resistances of two sides of the positive electrode plate and resistances of two sides of the negative electrode plate so as to make the secondary battery meet |R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|>0, the secondary battery capacity decay can be delayed and the cycle life of the secondary battery will be greatly extended. Further, when the secondary battery satisfies 0<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|<20, the secondary battery can have a greatly extended cycle life and high energy density both.

Described above are merely specific embodiments of the present disclosure, but the protection scope of the present disclosure is not limited to this. Any skilled person who is familiar with this art could readily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the disclosed technical scope of the present disclosure, and these modifications or substitutions shall fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present disclosure shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims. 

1. An electrode assembly, comprising a positive electrode plate, the positive electrode plate comprising a positive electrode current collector and a first positive electrode film layer and a second positive electrode film layer located on two opposite surfaces of the positive electrode current collector, a negative electrode plate, the negative electrode plate comprising a negative electrode current collector and a first negative electrode film layer and a second negative electrode film layer located on two opposite surfaces of the negative electrode current collector; and a separator disposed between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate, wherein the first positive electrode film layer is located on a side of the positive electrode current collector close to the separator and the second negative electrode film layer is located on a side of the negative electrode current collector close to the separator; and, wherein the positive electrode plate satisfies CAP1=CAP2, wherein CAP1 represents capacity of the first positive electrode film layer in Ah, CAP2 represents capacity of the second positive electrode film layer in Ah, and the electrode assembly satisfies |R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|>0, in which R₁ represents resistance of the first positive electrode film layer in Ω, R₂ represents resistance of the second positive electrode film layer in Ω, R₃ represents resistance of the first negative electrode film layer in mΩ and R₄ represents resistance of the second negative film layer in mΩ.
 2. The electrode assembly of claim 1, wherein the electrode assembly satisfies 0<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤20.
 3. The electrode assembly of claim 1, wherein 0 Ω<R₁≤20 Ω, optionally, 0 Ω<R₁≤5 Ω, 0 Ω<R₂≤20 Ω, optionally, 0 Ω<R₂≤5 Ω, 0 mΩ<R₃≤200 mΩ, optionally, 0 mΩ<R₃≤50 mΩ, and/or 0 mΩ<R₄≤200 mΩ, optionally, 0 mΩ<R₄≤50 mΩ.
 4. The electrode assembly of claim 1, wherein the negative electrode plate satisfies R₄/R₃≥1, and the electrode assembly satisfies 0<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤20.
 5. The electrode assembly of claim 4, wherein the negative electrode plate satisfies 1≤R₄/R₃≤30.
 6. The electrode assembly of claim 4, wherein the positive electrode plate satisfies 0< R₂/R₁≤20.
 7. The electrode assembly of claim 4, wherein the negative electrode plate satisfies 1≤R₄/R₃≤30, and the positive electrode plate satisfies 0<R₂/R₁≤20.
 8. The electrode assembly of claim 1, wherein the negative electrode plate satisfies 0<R₄/R₃<1, the positive electrode plate satisfies 0<R₂/R₁<1, and the electrode assembly satisfies 0<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|<1, optionally, 0.2≤|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤0.9.
 9. The electrode assembly of claim 8, wherein the negative electrode plate satisfies 0.05≤R₄/R₃≤0.9, and the positive electrode plate satisfies 0.05≤R₂/R₁≤0.9.
 10. The electrode assembly of claim 1, wherein the negative electrode plate satisfies 0<R₄/R₃<1, the positive electrode plate satisfies R₂/R₁≥1, and the electrode assembly satisfies 0<|R₄/R₃-R₂/R₁|≤20.
 11. The electrode assembly of claim 10, wherein the negative electrode plate satisfies 1≤R₂/R₁≤20.
 12. The electrode assembly of claim 10, wherein the negative electrode plate satisfies 0.05≤R₄/R₃≤0.9, and the positive electrode plate satisfies 1≤R₂/R₁≤20.
 13. A secondary battery comprising an outer package, an electrolyte, and the electrode assembly according to claim
 1. 14. The secondary battery of claim 13, wherein the outer package includes a casing and a cover plate, the casing has an accommodating cavity and an opening, the electrode assembly is accommodated in the accommodating cavity, and the cover plate is configured to close the opening of the casing.
 15. A battery module comprising the secondary battery according to claim
 13. 16. A battery pack, comprising one of the secondary battery according to claim
 13. 17. An electrical device comprising at least one of the secondary battery according to claim
 13. 